EICR vs PAT Testing: What Is the Difference?
Fixed electrical installations and portable equipment are not the same inspection
An EICR assesses the condition and safety of the fixed electrical installation, including wiring, protective devices and fixed accessories. PAT is a common term for inspection and testing of portable or movable electrical equipment. They cover different risks, so one does not replace the other.
What an EICR covers
An Electrical Installation Condition Report examines the fixed installation within the agreed extent and limitations. It can include consumer units, distribution boards, circuits, earthing, bonding, sockets, switches and other fixed wiring components. Inspection and electrical tests are used to identify deterioration, damage and safety concerns.
The report records observations using recognised classifications and states whether the installation is satisfactory for continued use at the time of inspection.
What PAT covers
Portable appliance testing is a broad term for a maintenance process applied to electrical equipment such as kettles, computers, tools and extension leads. The process may include user checks, formal visual inspection and electrical tests, depending on the equipment and risk.
Not every item needs the same test or interval. Type of equipment, environment, frequency of use and damage history should guide the maintenance approach.
Examples in a London office
The EICR would assess the office's fixed socket circuits, distribution equipment and wiring. Equipment maintenance would address monitors, kettles, extension leads, portable heaters and other appliances. A damaged extension lead is not made safe because the socket circuit passed an EICR, and a tested laptop does not prove the fixed wiring is sound.
The two programmes should be recorded separately but coordinated within the business's electrical safety system.
Responsibilities in rented property
Landlords have statutory responsibilities for fixed installations under the relevant regulations. Where landlords provide electrical equipment, current government guidance also addresses the need for it to be tested. The exact duties depend on the sector and circumstances.
Tenants and property managers should report damage rather than rely only on the date shown on a label.
Avoid blanket annual testing without risk review
A calendar-only programme can waste effort on low-risk equipment while missing frequently damaged items. Use risk, inspection results and manufacturer information to set appropriate checks. High-use extension leads on a building site do not have the same profile as a stationary monitor in a quiet office.
A competent contractor should explain the rationale for the inspection and test regime rather than sell identical intervals for every item.
Frequently asked questions
Does PAT testing have to be done every year?
Not automatically. Frequency should be based on equipment type, use, environment and risk.
Does an EICR test appliances?
No. It focuses on the fixed installation, although fixed equipment and connections may be considered within the agreed scope.
Do landlords need both?
They need to meet duties for the fixed installation and any electrical equipment they provide. Use current government guidance for the property type.
Next step
Leon Electricians can help separate fixed-installation inspection from equipment-maintenance needs and create a clear testing scope for the property. Call 020 3038 6072 or use the website enquiry form to discuss the property or premises.